Williamsport
Hagerstown, Falling Waters
Civil War Maryland

American Civil War
July 6-16, 1863

During the night of July 4-5, Lee's battered army began its retreat from Gettysburg, moving southwest on the Fairfield Road toward Hagerstown and Williamsport, screened by Stuart's cavalry.

The Union infantry followed cautiously the next day, converging on Middletown, Maryland. On July 7, Imboden (CS) stopped Buford's Union cavalry from occupying Williamsport and destroying Confederate trains.

Kilpatrick's cavalry division drove two Confederate cavalry brigades through Hagerstown before being forced to retire by the arrival of the rest of Stuart's command.

Lee's infantry reached the rain-swollen Potomac River but could not cross, the pontoon bridge having been destroyed by a cavalry raid.

On July 11, Lee entrenched a line, protecting the river crossings at Williamsport and waited for Meade's army to advance.

July 12, Meade reached the vicinity and probed the Confederate line.

July 13, skirmishing was heavy along the lines as Meade positioned his forces for an attack. In the meantime, the river fell enough to allow the construction of a new bridge, and Lee's army began crossing the river after dark on the 13th.

On the morning of the 14th, Kilpatrick's and Buford's cavalry divisions attacked the rearguard division of Henry Heth still on the north bank, taking more than 500 prisoners. Confederate Brigadier General James Pettigrew was mortally wounded in the fight.

On July 16, David McM. Gregg's cavalry approached Shepherdstown where Fitzhugh Lee's and J.R. Chambliss's brigades, supported by M.J. Ferguson's, held the Potomac River fords against the Union infantry.

Fitzhugh Lee and Chambliss attacked Gregg, who held out against several attacks and sorties, fighting sporadically until nightfall when he withdrew.

Result(s): Inconclusive

Location: Washington County

Campaign: Gettysburg Campaign (June-August 1863) next battle in campaign previous battle in campaign

Date(s): July 6-16, 1863

Principal Commanders: Major General George G. Meade [US]; General Robert E. Lee [CS]

Forces Engaged: Divisions

Estimated Casualties: 1,730 total



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The First and Second Maryland Infantry, C.S.A
The First Maryland Infantry was formed from Marylanders who chose to cast their lot with the Confederacy against a Union government that had invaded their state and established martial law, forcing those who disagreed with the invasion of the South to join the Confederates or to submit to what they considered as tyranny. Organized at Harpers Ferry, they fought in the first battle of the war at Bull Run, and distinguished themselves for their valor. The Marylanders fought in the Shenandoah Valley under Jackson, bringing new honors to their fame. During the Seven Day Campaign they made an outstanding charge across open fields to help break the Union lines at Gaines's Mill.

A Southern Star For Maryland: Maryland and the Secession Crisis
Maryland did not freely choose to remain in the Union at the outbreak of the Civil War, this book argues: the state was held by brute force. A colorful account of the dilemmas faced by Marylanders in the crisis as seen from the Southern point of view. A well-written and thoughtful production. I commend this book to anyone seriously interested in Maryland and the Civil War.

Maryland in the Civil War: A House Divided
This superbly designed book presents archival illustrations, many in full-color, an incisive text, and colorful vignettes to capture the agony of this border (and slave-holding) state imprisoned by geography in the Civil War years. After Fort Sumter, the Lincoln administration could ill afford to lose Maryland, and the state, especially its principal city Baltimore—site of the first blood spilled when a mob attacked the Sixth Massachusetts Regiment—remained under military occupation for most of the war. Maryland was the site of the greatest single day's carnage in American history, at Antietam Creek, and Marylanders on both sides of this brothers' war shot down one another at Front Royal and Gettysburg.

A Maryland Boy in Lee's Army: Personal Reminiscences of a Maryland Soldier
There are very few Civil War memoirs from Marylanders who fought with the Confederacy and "A Maryland Boy in Lee's Army" begins to correct that deficiency. As the introduction, written by a national park service historian, explains, George Wilson Booth was an extremely intelligent, sixteen year old Baltimorean who joined the Army of Northern Virginia in 1861. Booth begins by explaining that it was "at the request of somewhat partial friends" that he decided to record this period of his life in book form and he writes to show how bravely and valiantly men of the Old Line State fought in the Civil War.

 
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Sources:
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